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Toxic Triangle? Is Contamination Connected to Liver Cancer Cases
November 14, 2006 (woai.com)
There is an area in San Antonio where the
cancer rate is twice as high as the rest of Texas. A place where, on average,
one person dies every single week from liver cancer.
The Kelly Air Force
Base closed in 2001, but many locals worked there, or were exposed to the
dangerous chemicals that were used there. Although there is no definitive proof,
scientists believe the high cancer rate stems from the base.
Chemical with cancer risk found in 2 schools
August 18, 2005 (journalnow.com)
Extremely low vapor levels of a cancer-causing chemical that may have seeped from contaminated groundwater below Hanes and Lowrance middle schools were found in the air of seven of eight classrooms tested last week.
The testing at the two schools was ordered after the vapor of the chemical tetrachloroethylene was found in soil samples taken last month from around Hanes Middle School as well as in an air sample taken from an unoccupied storage area in the school's basement.
Toxic contamination at old Salina base
August 16, 2005 (kbsd6.com)
State health officials say ground samples taken at the base in 2003 showed evidence of potentially harmful trichloroethylene, or T-C-E, a solvent used to remove grease from metal. Heavy concentrations of metal and jet fuel also turned up in the samplings
Bacteria Test Results Prompt More Water Chlorination
August 4th, 2005 (capecodchronicle.com)
CHATHAM — Officials say it could be days, weeks, or even months before the taste and smell of chlorine are gone from Chatham residents’ tap water. The public water supply is being chlorinated to remove stubborn bacteria present since June.
The water remains safe to drink, Water and Sewer Department Director William Redfield said Monday. Linked to one of the public water supply wells, the coliform bacteria are not harmful, but they may indicate the presence of other, potentially harmful bacteria.
Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, nitrates, and other chemicals in well water in the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area - San Joaquin Valley, CA
September 1997 (http://WWW.Findarticle.com)
RESEARCHERS have indicated that ground-water contamination is a significant health problem in the United States; however, its true extent in different localities is not fully known. The determination of contamination is difficult because the contaminants are complex, as are their transformation and state in the environment; in addition, the effects of many chemicals on human health have not been defined. It is generally agreed that the first step in successful mitigation must be the identification and ranking of the various human health hazards. The urgency of studying well-water contamination is indicated by the increasing number of pesticides that have been detected in wells and by the widespread use of well water. An estimated 90% of the rural population nationwide and 30% of all California residents obtain their water from wells.[1-3] The central part of the San Joaquin Valley in California is particularly susceptible to aquifer contamination by volatile organic chemicals and nitrate. Investigators have associated coarse-grained, low-organic matter alluvial fan soils and correspondingly high pesticide, fertilizer, and irrigation water application rates in the eastern part of this valley bottom land with severe ground-water contamination.[4,5] increasing urbanization and intensive agricultural activities have introduced chemical contaminants from both rural and urban point sources and nonpoint sources into the aquifers of the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area.[6] In past studies, investigators have found dibromochloropropane (DBCP), ethylene dibromide (EDB),[7] and nitrate[8] in many wells in the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area. Researchers have also found trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), arsenic, radon, and other radionuclides, as well as several other pesticides and industrial solvents, in the Fresno-Clovis wells, but the spatial and temporal distributions of these chemicals have not been studied. In the cities of Fresno and Clovis, investigators are currently developing a remedial and rehabilitative program for almost 50 DBCP-contaminated wells. Included among these measures are the installation of granulated activated carbon (GAC) wellhead treatment plants and the implementation of other measures; these actions resulted from a court decision in 1995 that involved Fresno City and three pesticide manufacturers.
Cancer risk and tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water in Massachusetts
September 1993 (http://www.Findarticles.com)
During the late 1970s in six New England states, it was discovered that tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was leaching into drinking water from the inner vinyl lining of certain asbestos cement water distribution pipes.[1] The vinyl liner had been introduced in the late 1960s to solve taste problems associated with the action of aggressive New England water on the pipes. The liner was applied to the inner surface of the pipe as a slurry of vinyl resin in the solvent PCE, which, because of its volatility, was assumed to disappear in the curing process. However, substantial quantities of PCE remained and slowly leached into the water. Initial investigation in Massachusetts disclosed approximately 650 miles of vinyl-lined/asbestos cement (VL/AC) pipes throughout the state. A large proportion had been installed in the five towns of the Upper Cape Cod area (Barnstable, Bourne, Falmouth, Mashpee, and Sandwich).[1] Typical concentrations in affected lines in one town (Falmouth) ranged from 1 600-7 750 [mu]g/l at low-use (dead-end) sites to 1.5-80 [mu]g/l at medium- and high-use sites.[2] The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection instituted a regular schedule of flushing and continuous bleeding to lower the levels below 40 [mu]g/l, based on the then existing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Suggested No Adverse Response Level (SNARL) of 20 [mu]g/l, adjusted for pipe aging and exposure time. However, by the time these risk management practices were initiated, thousands of residents had already been drinking PCE-contaminated water, some for as many as 10 y.
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