Toluene Lawsuit Information: Toluene Embryopathy
Toluene Embryopathy has been linked to birth defects when the infant's mother has been exposed to the pollutant. You can read about studies being conducted about Toluene Embryopathy below. If you or a loved one has been exposed to Toluene, fill out this simple form for a free case evaluation today.
OBJECTIVE. To expand the phenotype of toluene embryopathy.
METHOD. Review of case records of 35 deliveries with antenatal exposure to toluene. Six children were examined and their features are compared with previously reported cases.
RESULTS. There were three perinatal deaths. Of the survivors, review of available data revealed a high incidence of prematurity (42%), low birth weight (52%), and microcephaly (32%). Birth weight, length, and head circumference and gestational length were significantly less than a control group closely matched for gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Follow-up pediatric evaluation revealed growth retardation (46% < 5th percentile for weight, 38% < 5th percentile for height), microcephaly (46%), and developmental delays (38%). Maternal toluene abuse of 4 or more years was positively correlated with weight < 5th percentile and microcephaly in childhood. The six children examined demonstrated many previously described features of toluene embryopathy including microcephaly, narrow bifrontal diameter, short palpebral fissures, hypoplastic midface, wide nasal bridge, abnormal palmar creases, and blunt fingertips. Only one of the six children examined had antepartum exposure to alcohol as well as toluene.
CONCLUSION. In utero exposure to toluene seems to be associated with teratogenicity in the developing fetus. A preliminary picture of toluene embryopathy is now emerging.
OBJECTIVE. To determine if maternal toluene abuse produces any structural or developmental disabilities in the developing fetus, a cohort of toluene-exposed infants was ascertained and examined.
METHOD. Eighteen infants with a history of in utero toluene exposure were examined at birth. Nine of these infants were reexamined 3 to 36 months after their initial evaluations. The clinical findings in these patients were compared with those of similarly exposed children from the literature and with patients who had the fetal alcohol syndrome.
RESULTS. Thirty-nine percent of all toluene-exposed infants described in this and other studies were born prematurely, and 9% died during the perinatal period. Fifty-four percent were small for gestational age, and 52% exhibited continued postnatal growth deficiency. A 33% incidence of prenatal microcephaly, a 67% incidence of postnatal microcephaly, and an 80% incidence of developmental delay were observed. Eighty-three percent of the patients had craniofacial features similar to the fetal alcohol syndrome, and 89% of these children had other minor anomalies.
CONCLUSION. Data from the patients herein described and the available scientific literature suggest that the mechanism of alcohol craniofacial teratogenesis may be nonspecific, with a variety of teratogens, including toluene, giving rise to phenotypic facial abnormalities similar to those of the fetal alcohol syndrome. We propose a common mechanism of craniofacial teratogenesis for toluene and alcohol, namely a deficiency of craniofacial neuroepithelium and mesodermal components due to increased embryonic cell death.
source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
see also:
Uses & Sources
Toluene Lawsuit Law Firm: Toluene Major Uses & SourcesToluene Uses and Sources - Free Lawsuit Evaluation
Are you working with Toluene?
Toluene Lawsuit - FREE information on toluene exposureToluene Lawsuit: Information about dangerous Toluene exposure
Learn More
Toluene - FREE Resource CenterToluene-: Learn More about Toluene
